The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof, for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.
Plain and simple, the Senate is composed of two Senators from each state who were chosen by the legislature. They each get one vote.
Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.
All Senators are divided into three classes, which switch out every two years until the six years are up. If a Senator resigns or some other circumstance make him/her unavailable, the Executive appoints temporary replacements until the next meeting of the Legislature.
No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
Senator candidates must be 30 years old, be a US citizen for 9 years and be an inhabitant of the state they wish to be a Senator of.
The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.
Plain and simple, the Vice President is the President of the Senate; he/she has no vote unless to break a tie.
The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.
If the VP is absent or needs to take the President's position, the Senate shall choose the President of the Senate. The Senate may also choose Officers if needed.
The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.
The Senate has full power to try Impeachments. They are under oath during these trials and the Chief Justice presides over them. There must be a concurrence of 2/3 of the members present for a conviction.
Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of Honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.
Impeachment = Removal from office and "disqualification from any Office of Honor, Trust or Profit under the US." The Party convicted shall be held "liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgement and Punishment."
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